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The Messenger Feast or Kivgiq, Kevgiq (''Kivgiġñiq'' in Iñupiaq dialect of North Slope Borough,〔 name="refSkills">( Iñupiaq Knowledge and Skills )〕 ''Kivgiqsuat'' in King Island Iñupiaq,〔 name="refChap2">http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/Masters_Projects/Yaayuk/Chap2.html〕 ''Kevgiq'' in Yup'ik〔(Yuungnaqpiallerput: Kevgiq / Messenger Feast )〕〔 name="ref571">(GOOGLE Book : Lawrence E. Sullivan (2003), Native religions and cultures of North America: Anthropology of the sacred )〕), is a celebratory mid-winter festival traditionally held after a strong whale harvest by Iñupiaq (Tikiġaġmiut, Nunamiut...) and Yup'ik peoples.〔 name="ref571"/>〔 name="refHikuta">Hiroko Ikuta (2007), (Iñupiaq pride: Kivgiq (Messenger Feast) on the Alaskan North Slope ), Études/Inuit/Studies, vol. 31, n° 1-2, 2007, p. 343-364〕〔 name="refSusan">Susan W. Fair (200), ("The Inupiaq Eskimo Messenger Feast: Celebration, Demise, and Possibility" ), ''The Journal of American Folklore,'' 2000〕〔 name="refWesternfolklore" >Deanna M. Kingston, Lucy Tanaqiq Koyuk and Earl Aisana Mayac (2001), ("The Story of the King Island Wolf Dance, Then and Now" ), ''Western Folklore,'' Vol. 60, No. 4 (Autumn, 2001), pp. 263-278〕 The event died out early in the twentieth century, when Presbyterian missionaries in the area tried to eliminate traditional ceremonies. Shamanistic rituals are no longer practiced, although some elders have information about these rites. Song and dance have remained.〔(Alaska Native Collections )〕 It was named for the two messengers sent to invite the guest village to the festival.〔(Paul John, Stories for Future Generations )〕 Two Messengers (''kivgak'' dual ''kivgaq'' sg in Iñupaq; ''kevgak'' dual ''kevgaq'' sg in Yup'ik) would travel from host village to another village to invite them to the Kivgiq. Since the late 20th century, this festival has been held almost every year, but "officially" is held every two or three years in late January or early February. It is called at the discretion of the North Slope Borough Mayor. Kivgiq is an international event which attracts visitors from around the Arctic Circle. Iñupiat people had celebrated Kivgiq for many centuries. However, the earlier representations of Kivgiq were discontinued in the early 20th century due to social, economical, and environmental pressures. In 1988, after a lapse of more than 70 years, the modern Kivgiq was reconstructed. It is intended to inspire each Iñupiaq with an even stronger collective identity and enhanced ethnic pride.〔 ==See also== * Nalukataq * Bladder Festival * Yup'ik dancing 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Messenger Feast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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